Što su rizik čimbenici za hipertenzija

Hypertension is the long-term interaction between genetic and environmental factors, and the risk factors that affect the onset of hypertension can be divided into immutable and modifiable risk factors.

3.1 Nepromjenjivi čimbenici

3.1.1 Dob i spol: The incidencija of hipertenzija increases with age. For individuals over 35 years old, the incidence increases by 10% for every 10 years of age increase; The incidence of diseases in women before menopause is lower than in men, but higher after menopauza. Whether male or female, the average blood pressure increases with age, eOK Especial Systolic Blood Pressure.

3.1.2 Genetski čimbenici: Hipertenziv pacijenti često have a obitelj povijest, i the blood pressure levels of their immediate relatives are higher than those of their or immediate relatives of the the same age. Djeca s oboje roditelji having hipertenzija have a higher rizik od razvoj hipertenzija; Djeca s normalna krv tlak od oboje roditelji ima samo a 3% chance of developmenting hipertenzija; Djeca whose blood pressure is higher than normal in both parents have a 45% chance of development hypertension; The correlation coefficient of hypertension in monozigottic twins (sestre) can reach 55%.

3.2 modifiable factors

3.2.1 Overweight and Obesity: Body Mass Index (BMI), a reference index for evaluating the ratio of weight to height, is calculated by dividing weight (kg) by the square of height (m). It ranges from 18.5 to 23.9 and is considered normal weight; A BMI of 24-27.9 indicates overweight; BMI Greater than or equal to 28, For obesity. The incidence of hypertension in obese individuals is 2-6 times higher than that in non obese individuals. For every 10kg increase in weight, systolic blood pressure increases by 2-3mmHg and diastolic blood pressure increases by 1-3mmHg. In recent years, research has also found that not only overweight people are more prone to hypertension, but the distribution characteristics of body fat are also related to hypertension. When excessive body fat is concentrated in the abdomen, forming centripetal obesity (usually measured by waist to hip ratio), commonly known as the general belly, the risk of developing hypertension is much higher than that of the general population.

3.2.2 Dietary high salt, high fat, low kalij, and low kalcij: 75% of the natrij in in the the human body comes from diet, and the physiological requirement for snatium is very low. Adults consume 1-2} grams of salt per day to meet theyr physiological needs. Eating too much salt can olovo to high blood pressure. Potassium in the diet can counteract the antihipertensive effect of strium% 2c but the the potassium content in the diet of the Chinese population is is općenito low low. high striw and low potassium have a very adverse effect on blood pressure. In addition, inufficient inus of calcium and high-quality protein, as well as excessive intake of saturated masne kiseline, i.e. a decrease in the ratio of nezasićeno masne kiseline to zasićeno masne kiseline (P/s omjer), are also considered one of the factors contributing do povišeno krv tlak.

3.2.3 Long term excessive drinking: Men who drink more than 20-30 grams per day and women who drink more than 10-15 grams per day are considered excessive drinking. [Conversion formula of pure alcohol (ethanol): g=alcohol consumption (ml) X alcohol content (%) X 0.8 (ethanol specific gravity). For example, drinking 50 ml of 60 degree Baijiu=50 x 60% x 0.8=24 g of pure alcohol.] Alcohol can cause hypertension, aggravate hypertension, and damage heart and cerebral vessels. The effects of alcohol on blood pressure can be divided into acute and chronic effects. Acute effects refer to the effects of several hours after drinking alcohol. It is generally believed that vasodilation, accelerated blood flow, and mental relaxation after drinking can temporarily cause a decrease in blood pressure, but increased heart rate and increased cardiac output can cause certain damage to the heart. Chronic effects can cause an increase in blood pressure after a few days, with the more alcohol consumed, the higher the blood pressure. Drinking a small amount of red wine may have a preventive effect on coronary heart disease, but long-term drinking of more than 50ml/day definitely has adverse effects on blood pressure. Compared to the frequency of alcohol consumption, the effect of volume on blood pressure is greater.

3.2.4 Lack of physical activity: Among individuals with normal blood pressure, sedentary and physically inactive individuals have a 20% to 50% increased risk of developing hypertension compared to active controls of the same age. Static behavioral factors such as watching TV for a long time can independently affect the onset of obesity and diabetes. The time spent watching TV was positively correlated with the risk of obesity and diabetes. Watching TV increased by 2 hours a day, the risk of obesity increased by 23%, and the risk of diabetes increased by 14%; The sedentary work increases by 2 hours a day, the risk of obesity increases by 5%, and the risk of diabetes increases by 7%.

3.2.5 Long term mental stress: Long term mental stress, anger, distress, and malignant environmental Stimulus (tak as buka) can all lead to the occurrence of hypertension. Umor, lack of sleep, anxiety, fear, and depression can also Cause hipertenzija.